Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare but serious neurological condition that occurs when the nerve roots of the cauda equina, a bundle of nerves located at the lower end of the spinal cord, become compressed or damaged. The cauda equina is responsible for transmitting nerve signals to and from the lower extremities, pelvic organs, and perineum.
CES typically arises from a large herniated disc, spinal tumor, spinal infection, or spinal trauma that puts pressure on the nerve roots. It is considered a medical emergency because the compression of the nerve roots can result in significant neurological deficits and loss of function if not promptly treated.
The symptoms of cauda equina syndrome may include:
- Severe low back pain.
- Leg pain or weakness, often affecting both legs.
- Numbness or tingling in the buttocks, groin, or lower extremities.
- Loss of sensation in the “saddle” area (inner thighs, buttocks, and perineum).
- Bowel or bladder dysfunction, such as urinary incontinence or retention, or loss of bowel control.
If cauda equina syndrome is suspected, immediate medical attention is crucial. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can help prevent permanent neurological damage.
Treatment typically involves surgical intervention to relieve the pressure on the compressed nerves. The specific surgical approach depends on the underlying cause, but the goal is to decompress the affected nerves and stabilize the spine if necessary.
Recovery from cauda equina syndrome varies depending on the severity of the compression and the duration of symptoms before treatment. Early intervention generally offers the best chance of restoring function and preventing long-term complications. Rehabilitation and physical therapy may be recommended to aid in the recovery process.
It’s important to seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of cauda equina syndrome, as delay in treatment can lead to permanent nerve damage and functional impairment.
Dr. Darakchiev is a board-certified, fellowship-trained neurosurgeon skilled in diagnosing and treating a variety of brain, spine and peripheral nerve disorders. To schedule an appointment, please call 631-690-9080.
